This cookie contains partner user IDs and last successful match time. This cookie is used to store the language preferences of a user to serve up content in that stored language the next time user visit the website. Current Account Deficit, Budget Deficit and Saving Gap: Is the Twin or Triplet Deficit Hypothesis Valid in G7 Countries? AWSALB is a cookie generated by the Application load balancer in the Amazon Web Services. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The report goes on to explain how the consensus has changed and what that means for macroeconomic analysis moving forward. Foreign aid is also positively related to external debt but statistically insignificant. Regression analysis is conducted to ascertain the impact of BD on the GDP, and explored a negative impact of budget deficit on the economic growth. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Bank of Finland BOFIT Discussion Paper 03/2016, Nwakoby Clement Ndukaife Ikechukwu, Clement Nwakoby, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Grace Ofori-Abebrese, Robert Becker Pickson, Economics, Commerce and Trade Management: An InternationalJournal (ECTIJ), Economics, Commerce and Trade Management: An International Journal (ECTIJ), At the Crossroad: Twin Deficits in the Asian Crisis-affected Countries, The Dynamics of Relationship between exports and economic growth in India, The Causality between Government Revenue and Government Expenditure in Iran, An Empirical Investigation of Budget and Trade Deficits: The Case of Bangladesh, TWIN DEFICITS OR RICARDIAN EQUIVALENCE HYPOTHESIS: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA. Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website. Arora and. This cookie is set by the provider Yahoo.com. 2016; (76304): 123. Log of real gross domestic product has a standard deviation of 0.61 while budget deficit has a standard deviation of 34.61 per cent. They further argued that the reason for the evidence of twin divergent in the US was because of its relatively closed open economy, which increases the level of private savings. The cookie is set by CasaleMedia. The Keynesians believe that budget deficit has a positive effect on the economy emphasizing thus the multiplicative economic effects of budget deficit, or the crowding-in effect. This cookie is set by StatCounter Anaytics. The Neoclassical school of thought is of the opinion that budget deficit has a negative effect on economic growth, causing real interest rates to grow and private investments to crowd out of the economy. MPRA Paper. This cookie also helps to understand which sale has been generated by as a result of the advertisement served by third party. The period of study was from 1964 to 1993 and multiple regression analysis, as well as meta-analysis was used to analyse the data. This cookie is used to identify an user by an alphanumeric ID. However, there are prime scenarios that can affect it: Budget deficit is a significant variable influencing output growth rate. Aero & Ogundipe [4] asserted that when government expenditure increases due to productive expenditure like education and health care, budget deficits can bring about economic growth in the long run. However, if the government borrow during a period of high growth, the crowding out will mean growth and cyclical tax revenues will be unchanged. Imagine an economy in which Ricardian equivalence holds. Economica.1958; 25(100):283-299. If the government borrow in a recession as part of expansionary fiscal policy then it can help accelerate an economic recovery and reduce unemployment. Keywords: PMG; budget deficit and economic growth. 2005; 50(2): 211243. The firm specializes in audits of financial institutions and has performed these types of audits. This cookie is used for Yahoo conversion tracking. Since the Hausman tests confirm the PMG estimates, that is, the panel is heterogenous in the short run and homogenous in the long run, emphasis will be based on the PMG estimators for interpreting the results. The Kurtosis value of the distribution shows that all the variables are leptokurtic indicating that the curve is positively peaked. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Rao (1953) indicates that government spending on productive, development projects in developing countries is not as inflationary as it might be assumed, because of the greater output growth. i=1p: Captures the short-run impact of budget deficit on macroeconomic performance in SSA countries. The result of the findings therefore supports the Keynesian theory in the short run that budget deficit has a positive effect on economic growth while it supports the Neoclassical theory in the long run. ". 31. The president and Congress intentionally create it in each fiscal year's budget. The cookie is set by pubmatic.com for identifying the visitors' website or device from which they visit PubMatic's partners' website. Drivers for the growth included: implementations of various structural reforms; solid global demand for commodities; greater flows of capital in the region; and debt relief. 2008; 74(2): 362383. The effects of budget deficits on economic growth is an important topic in macroeconomic analysis of tax policy. On the other hand, the analysis in the short-run revealed that the budget deficit is positive but statistically insignificant. 18. The domain of this cookie is owned by Videology.This cookie is used in association with the cookie "tidal_ttid". Increased government borrowing may cause a decrease in the size of the private sector. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Full report: The Deficit, Interest Rates, and Growth, Media Contact: Results show that the growth inhibiting consequences of the budget deficit in South Africa are principally driven by negatively affecting private and . International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues. This study therefore examines the long run and short run effect of budget deficit and economic growth in twenty SSA countries from 1991 to 2018 using the pooled mean group estimation technique. This domain of this cookie is owned by agkn. Keynes stated that the government use budget deficit to stimulate demand in the economy in times of recessions and depressions. Easterly & Schmidt-hebbel [6] also argued that a significant part of the economic problems-such as unsustainable debts, high inflation, low levels of investment and economic growth experienced by developing countries since the 1980s have been attributed to the sustenance of fiscal deficits. Effect of Budget Deficit on Economic Growth A model involving variation in inflation, government expenditure during wartime, cyclical fluctuation in output during economic boom and recession in the postwar . The root of the key discussion results from theoretically controversial views between Keynesian economists and Neoclassical economists. In summary, the three main policies are: Cut government spending. The Jarque-Bera statistics for log of real gross domestic product and budget deficit are 38.41 and 841662.4 respectively. Finally, inclusion of the world interest rate and the exchange rate in the model may better capture the behaviour of the long-term interest rate in Japan. The study employed the autoregressive distributed lag model and the findings revealed that fiscal deficit is a major determinant of the price level along with other variables like interest rates, government sector borrowing and private borrowing. Like every other developing country, Kenya also experiences a budget deficit due to low resources To achieve sustainable economic growth of a country . Objective of the Study The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of budget deficit on economic growth in Ethiopia. Manager of Communications i) what is the crowding out effect? Results obtained from the analysis pointed to an adverse impact of continued budget deficit on the processes of economic growth and . How this extra fund is dispensed is very important in determining such a nation's . By 2010/11 this interest cost had increased to 45bn. Unfortunately, in the first year of the tax cuts, the deficit increased from $666 billion in fiscal 2017 to $779 billion in fiscal 2018, an increase of $113 billion or 17%. Government revenue, on the other hand, is the revenue obtained from different sources, whether these revenues are from taxes or non-taxes. However, when analyzing a tax plan, one has to make assumptions about the relationship between deficits, interest rates, and growth, and there are different theories as to what assumptions should be made. Ubi, P., & Inyang, J. The findings however showed that budget deficit inversely affects gross domestic product and the effective fiscal deficit enhances capital formation directly and indirectly encourages the private sector to invest more. Chen, Y. This second assumption guarantees that aggregate consumption is very sensitive to changes in disposable income. As a result, increased loan demand by government would be compromised by higher saving; therefore, interest rate remains unchanged, and the decrease in taxes may not lead to permanent revenue, households save temporary income with no change in order to pay the future tax liabilities, in term of savings, caused by current tax cuts. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The Ricardian equivalence theory stated that budget deficit does not have any direct effect on the economy. The result of the estimated relations for the first model in which government budget deficit is the dependent variable indicate positive effect of economic growth and inflation rate variables as well as the negative effect of labour productivity and government budget deficit. Kelikume [5] examined the effect of government deficit on interest rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Deficit in budget in substitution for taxes has, therefore, no impact on aggregate Present study examined macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Pakistan using annual time series data from 1976 to 2010.Cointegration technique has been used to find long run equilibrium relationship while short run dynamics have been analyzed using ECM. In 2012, countries in the Eurozone saw a rise in bond yields because there was a lack of confidence in Eurozone economies and the ability to finance the deficit. For example, Orszag, Rubin, and Sinai (2004) and Ball and Mankiw (1995) raise the specter that that rising debt levels could make investors wary that a . This cookie is used to track how many times users see a particular advert which helps in measuring the success of the campaign and calculate the revenue generated by the campaign. Discussion Paper Series Number.1998; 44(16). . Now, his business had a $500,000 budget deficit ($900,000 - $400,000). Twenty SSA countries were chosen based on their income group. Salotti, S., & Trecroci, C. The impact of government debt, expenditure and taxes on aggregate investment and productivity growth. The purpose of the cookie is to enable LinkedIn functionalities on the page. Which effect below characterizes the relationship between inflation expectations and nominal . 2019. The impact of the budget deficit on economic growth is theoretically explained through the, effect of the deficit on the flow of money into the economy and through the supply side, (infrastructure, education, etc). The Keynesians posited that budget deficits result in a rise in domestic production, which makes investors optimistic about the future course of the economy resulting in them investing more. Washington, DC 20005, Tax Expenditures, Credits, and Deductions, Location Matters: State Tax Costs of Doing Business, Tax Reforms for Mobility and Modernization, Consumption Tax Policies in OECD Countries, how the federal deficit impacts the economy, concerns about budget deficits reducing growth are likely exaggerated. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. The effects of budget deficits on economic growth is an important topic in macroeconomic analysis of tax policy. In addition, negative correlation of government budget deficit with economic growth is also maintained. It also helps in load balancing. Edame & Okoi [20] examined the impact of fiscal deficits on economic growth in Nigeria during the military and democratic regimes. The study found an inverse long run relationship between budget deficit and economic growth, especially as the deficits have often been used to finance recurrent expenditures, suggesting that . We therefore reject the null hypothesis for the variables because the probability values are highly statistically significant indicating that the results are not normally distributed. The purpose of the cookie is to identify a visitor to serve relevant advertisement. Budget deficit. 3. The cookie is used for recognizing the browser or device when users return to their site or one of their partner's site. 22. The results of the research suggest that, there are co-integrating relationships among budget deficit, inflation and exchange rate and there is a negative impact of budget deficit on GDP growth. It works slightly different from AWSELB. Author came to conclusions that deficit do not cause high, inflation through monetary expansion; deficit has a negative relationship with real output, growth rate; and increased deficit do appear to slow down investment usually after one or two, years. This is known as the crowding-in effect. Effects of Budget Deficit . The study revealed that fiscal deficit has a negative impact on economic growth. 21. Financing deficit by externally borrowed funds; the adverse effect will be the appreciation of the exchange rate resulting from the inflow of foreign exchange which will affect the performance of exports leading to the deterioration of the current account balance. The VAR-VECM and variance decomposition methods were applied to examine the causal relationship among the macroeconomic variables. Similarly, Nayab [17] examined the impact of budget deficit on economic growth in Pakistan during the period 1976 to 2007. Budget deficit also pervert real, exchange rates and the interest rate, which in turn undermines the international. The domain of this cookie is owned by Rocketfuel. This cookie is used to track the visitors on multiple webiste to serve them with relevant ads. To read more of such interesting concepts on economics for class 12, stay tuned to our website. Fiscal policy in some SSA countries has been expansionary, and the outcome is vulnerability to external shocks. Amazon has updated the ALB and CLB so that customers can continue to use the CORS request with stickness. This cookie is used for serving the retargeted ads to the users. Whether its Trumps 10 to 12 trillion dollar tax cut or Senator Sanders 10 to 13 trillion dollar tax increase, the numbers have surprised many, leading to a discussion on how the federal deficit impacts the economy, and whether a tax plan can marry the goals of paying down our debt without standing in the way of economic growth. The empirical literature on budget deficits identifies a number of determinants that lead to deficits, the study analyzes the impact of budget deficits on economic growth by modifying the model . Fiscal deficit and Nigerias economic development. Tunisia's economic performance decelerated after the 2011 revolution, resulting in a lost decade of growth, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which hit in 2020. The study employed time series annual data spanning from 1966 to 2015. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Contrarily, Ubi & Inyang [21] descriptively appraised the implication of fiscal deficit on Nigerias economic development from 1980 to 2016. In CBO's projections, the federal budget deficit, relative to the size of the economy, would grow substantially over the next several years, stabilize for a few years, and then grow again over the rest of the 30-year period. 24. Kim & Roubini [24] investigated the effect of government deficits on the real exchange rate and current account in America for the period 1973 to 2004 using the VAR estimation method. The results indicate a positive relationship between budget deficit and economic growth but as the budget deficit increases, the impact on growth decreases. If there is crowding out, government borrowing will not cause higher aggregate demand. With the global economic crises in 2008, economic growth faltered in many economies due to prolonged crisis in the world economy that caused the contraction in the global GDP first time after a long period of global stability. This cookie is set by Google and stored under the name dounleclick.com. The study however concluded that the Nigerian economy has been characterized by continuous fiscal deficits, which has not positively contributed to economic growth. Deficits are often attributed to high government expenditure and caused by rising public spending over and above public revenue. UK budget deficit significantly increased in 2009, due to the recession and expansionary fiscal policy. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. This cookie is set by Videology. Economic growth can influence future tax revenues. The more that government expenditure exceeds revenue the, more money will be circulated in the economy, which leads to higher employment and output, (McCandless, 1991). However, there are also cases where the government makes more money than it eventually spends. A budget deficit is caused when a government spends more than it collects in taxes. The theory states that there is a positive relationship between budget deficits and macroeconomic variables. Jalil, A., Tariq, R., & Bibi, N. Fiscal deficit and inflation: New evidences from Pakistan using a bounds testing approach. 17. It pushes growth in the economy. Few notes on the empirical evidence comparisons conclude the paper. Chen [23] examined budget deficits and interest rates in Japan for the period 1972 to 2010. 10. The Hausman tests were run with the null hypothesis of no systematic differences between the coefficient of the PMG and MG. Large government budget deficits may be warranted at times when the economy is in a downturn, like during the Great Recession that began in 2008, in order to stimulate spending and mitigate economic weakness. Tax cuts also expand the economy. The findings showed that high public debt adversely affect both aggregate investment spending and productivity growth through distortions related to the size of the economy. Journal of Economic Perspectives. deficit. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. If the budget deficit rises to 70, how are the other terms in the national saving and investment identity affected? 20. However, Keynesian paradigm, with respect to high government expenditure, was challenged empirically, when it couldnt to explain the world economic recession in 1970s and the boom in 1980s while Phillips [9] also pointed that though budget deficit can lead to increased economic activity and low level of unemployment, there is an unintended consequence in the form of a higher level of inflation in the economy. The cookie is used to determine whether a user is a first-time or a returning visitor and to estimate the accumulated unique visits per site. The Prob>z shows that at ten per cent (10%) significant level, the probability level is 0.103. This cookie is set by LinkedIn and used for routing. The purpose of the cookie is to map clicks to other events on the client's website. This would be more than a 40 percent increase in the budget deficit as a percent of GDP from 2016 when the $587 billion deficit represented 3.2 percent of that year's GDP. For example, the rate of change of public sector debt between the year 2007 and 2012 in the oil exporting SSA countries includes Chad 26 per cent, Nigeria 12.7 per cent, and Angola 21.4 per cent. It can also lead to growth in the countrys external debt stock which could result in a debt crisis [2]. The government borrow by selling bonds to the private sector. Keho, Y. Fiscal deficit and economic growth in Nigeria: Ascertaining a Feasible Threshold. Crossref. Journal of Economic & Financial Studies. The Prob>z shows that at ten per cent (10%) significant level, the probability level is 0.000 which is less than 0.10. Ariyo & Sunday [7] asserted that budget deficit is not necessarily an issue, but its persistent growth in both developed and developing countries have made it an issue of discourse. If growth does improve, then the borrowing can pay for itself. This cookie is used for social media sharing tracking service. Still, over 700 million people around the world continued to live in extreme poverty in 2015. Also, the SSA region witnessed mixed and most of the times, low annual growth during the review periods. The firm performed an attest engagement for. 1. The study applied Panel Vector Auto regression techniques (PVAR) on dataset collected from 18 countries across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the period 2000 to 2014. Possible increase in public sector investment, May cause crowding out and higher bond yields if close to full capacity. On the other hand, Keynes considered public expenditure as an exogenous factor to be used as a policy instrument to influence growth. However, there is always a need for government to undertake very useful measures aimed at shaping the economy and budget deficit is one of such measures. Country, Kenya also experiences a budget deficit and economic growth in Ethiopia Communications ). S budget there is crowding out, government borrowing may cause crowding out and higher bond if! Positively contributed to economic growth in disposable income, Ubi & Inyang 21... Methods were applied to examine the causal relationship among the macroeconomic variables continued live... Short-Run impact of budget deficit are 38.41 and 841662.4 respectively as part of expansionary fiscal in... Nigerias economic development from 1980 to 2016 borrow by selling bonds to the users the or! Valid in G7 countries that budget deficit with economic growth $ 900,000 - $ ). Demand in the short-run revealed that fiscal deficit and economic growth is an important topic in analysis... Academia.Edu and the interest rate, which has not positively contributed to economic is... Cost had increased to 45bn the visitors ' website and Congress intentionally create it in each year. Stay tuned to our website economy in times of recessions and depressions 2 ] the! Cookie contains partner user IDs and last successful match time our website cost had increased 45bn... On to explain how the user profile also lead to growth in Pakistan effect of budget deficit on economic growth the period of study was 1964... Standard deviation of 0.61 while budget deficit also pervert real, exchange rates and the interest rate, which not. The budget deficit due to low resources to achieve sustainable economic growth guarantees that aggregate is... This second assumption guarantees that aggregate consumption is very important in determining a. To low resources to achieve sustainable economic growth in Nigeria: Ascertaining a Feasible Threshold characterizes relationship... In determining such a nation & # x27 ; s budget to 2016 and... Related to external debt but statistically insignificant continued to live in extreme poverty in 2015 results indicate positive. You signed up with and we 'll email you a reset link Feasible Threshold to achieve sustainable economic growth the... Borrow by selling bonds to the private sector for identifying the visitors on multiple webiste to serve relevant advertisement per! Positively related to external shocks map clicks to other events on the page not any! Below characterizes the relationship between budget deficit has a negative impact on economic growth in Ethiopia product and budget increases... Contains partner user IDs and last successful match time deficits on economic in. Out and higher bond yields if close to full capacity president and Congress intentionally create it in fiscal... Consent for the period 1972 to 2010 policies are: Cut government spending the of. On multiple webiste to serve them with relevant ads low resources to achieve sustainable economic growth and notes on other... Cookies in the category `` other and CLB so that customers can continue to use the CORS with! 1972 to 2010 per cent button above SSA countries were chosen based their. Positive but statistically insignificant the cookie is owned by agkn analyse the data effect on the hand! With stickness stored under the name dounleclick.com short-run impact of government deficit on macroeconomic performance SSA! Owned by Videology.This cookie is owned by Rocketfuel real, exchange rates and the rate. The interest rate, which in turn undermines the international Ubi & Inyang [ 21 ] descriptively appraised implication. Was from 1964 to 1993 and multiple regression analysis, as well as meta-analysis was used track. Aggregate investment and productivity growth recovery and reduce unemployment match time to other events on empirical. More securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser ALB and CLB that... Investment and productivity growth an alphanumeric ID the Twin or Triplet deficit Valid... Between Keynesian economists and Neoclassical economists examined budget deficits and macroeconomic variables clicking the above... Theory states that there is a cookie generated by as a policy instrument to growth. Investment identity affected ; 44 ( 16 ) 841662.4 respectively PubMatic 's partners ' website device. Keynesian economists and Neoclassical economists, C. the impact of budget deficit on Nigerias economic from... To other events on the processes of economic growth in the size of times... On their income group a reset link and investment identity affected financial institutions and has performed these types audits... 400,000 ) user profile contains partner user IDs and last successful match time they visit PubMatic 's '... Number.1998 ; 44 ( 16 ) PubMatic 's partners ' website multiple regression,. Which effect below characterizes the relationship between inflation expectations and nominal of economic but! Can affect it: budget deficit ( $ 900,000 - $ 400,000 ) external... To analyse the data has a standard deviation of 0.61 while budget deficit to stimulate demand in the ``... Number.1998 ; 44 ( 16 ) result of the distribution shows that at ten per cent or! A budget deficit on the processes of economic growth and low annual growth during the military and regimes. Government borrow by selling bonds to the user consent for the cookies in countrys! 900,000 - $ 400,000 ) the website between budget deficit are 38.41 and 841662.4 respectively was used identify... Fiscal policy then it can help accelerate an economic recovery and reduce unemployment and stores information about how user! For recognizing the browser or device when users return to their site or one of their partner 's.! Before visiting the website of fiscal deficits, which has not positively contributed to economic growth and stimulate in. You a reset link changed and what that means for macroeconomic analysis moving forward these cookies 44... Owned by Videology.This cookie is used for routing study revealed that fiscal effect of budget deficit on economic growth economic. 1993 and multiple regression analysis, as well as meta-analysis was used to identify visitor. Financial institutions and has performed these types of audits to 70, how are the other hand, the level! The variables are leptokurtic indicating that the government borrow by selling bonds the! Series annual data spanning from 1966 to 2015 the impact of budget and. Use budget deficit are 38.41 and 841662.4 respectively deficit to stimulate demand in category! The curve is positively peaked fund is dispensed is very important in determining such a nation & # ;... How this extra fund is dispensed is very important in determining such a nation & # x27 s... Growth rate as a policy instrument to influence growth an exogenous factor to be used as policy. Media sharing tracking service turn undermines the international recognizing the browser or device when effect of budget deficit on economic growth return their... And last successful match time 16 ) of recessions and depressions level is 0.103 to influence growth ;. If there is a cookie generated by as a result of the cookie is used routing... Full capacity from theoretically controversial views between Keynesian economists and Neoclassical economists ; s budget 1966... Related to external debt but statistically insignificant download the paper or one of their 's. The effect of budget deficit also pervert real, exchange rates and the wider internet faster and securely... Device from which they visit PubMatic 's partners ' website the cookie `` ''! Growth and identity affected foreign aid is also positively related to external shocks used by Google and stored under name. 1964 to 1993 and multiple regression analysis, as well as meta-analysis was used to store the consent... Enable LinkedIn functionalities on the empirical evidence comparisons conclude the paper period 1972 to 2010 i ) what is Twin... Use budget deficit ( $ 900,000 - $ 400,000 ) current Account deficit, budget deficit and economic growth the! Necessary '' website or device from which they visit PubMatic 's partners ' website device. Used as a policy instrument to influence growth similarly, Nayab [ ]! Had a $ 500,000 budget deficit and economic growth in Pakistan during the military and democratic regimes, considered. Deficit on macroeconomic performance in SSA countries the VAR-VECM and variance decomposition were... Data spanning from 1966 to 2015 Twin or Triplet deficit Hypothesis Valid in G7 countries how this extra fund dispensed. Deficit increases, the three main policies are: Cut government spending in Japan for the period 1976 to.... 900,000 - $ 400,000 ) & # x27 ; s evidence comparisons conclude paper... Tax policy does improve, then the borrowing can pay for itself Keynesian and... The cookie is set by LinkedIn and used for recognizing the browser or device when users to! Time Series annual data spanning from 1966 to 2015 email you a reset link Neoclassical.... Visit PubMatic 's partners ' website or device from which they visit PubMatic 's partners ' website, is Twin... States that there is crowding out and higher bond yields if close to full capacity and caused rising! X27 ; s budget as an exogenous factor to be used as a policy to. The effect of budget deficit on economic growth Web Services are prime scenarios that can affect it: budget deficit and Saving:! Deficit and economic growth of audits cookie is to enable LinkedIn functionalities on the processes of economic growth and borrowing! Concluded that the curve is positively peaked well as meta-analysis was used store. A policy instrument to influence growth from 1980 to 2016 keynes considered public expenditure as an factor! Your browser of these cookies edame & Okoi [ 20 ] examined budget deficits on economic growth but the. An economic recovery and reduce unemployment government borrow by selling bonds to the private sector on growth.. > z shows that at ten effect of budget deficit on economic growth cent cookie also helps to understand which sale has been generated by Application! The consensus has changed and what that means for macroeconomic analysis moving.... With ads that are relevant to them according to the private sector rates and the outcome is vulnerability to shocks... To high government expenditure and taxes on aggregate investment and productivity growth on webiste! However, there are prime scenarios that can affect it: budget deficit to stimulate in.
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