The present method has a limitation due to the unavailability of monthly data for GDP at the sub-watershed scale. Why topography is considered in site selection? Previous research has shown that higher DOC concentration is the combined effect of climatic drivers and variations in the chemistry of atmospheric deposition of DOC [4750]. Liu, X.-X. We found that precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors at a global scale. Miao, H.-L.; Zhou, H. Comparison of Internal economic relations and hierarchical structure of three urban Agglomerations in China: Based on the comprehensive gravity model. As air rises, it also cools. Furthermore, these findings, in combination with spatial analysis, will be useful in alleviating the problem of instability by restoration practices and employing stormwater management plans. Watershed planners can take guidance on scenario analysis to introduce novel planning policy to modulate non-point source pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants. Social development-Because political structures and economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we also see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. Other city-states that were not on the shoreline, like Sparta in the southwest Peloponnese, relied on slave labor to tend to fields, craft goods, etc. In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. Runoff coefficients for different Koppen climatic conditions were obtained from Chiew et als studies [27]. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. Transportation, warehousing, and postal services; 7. wholesale and retail trade; 8. finance industry; 9. real estate industry; 10. education; 11. health, social insurance, and social welfare; 12. culture, sports, and entertainment; 13. scientific research, technical services, and geological survey; 14. accommodation and catering industry; 15. information transmission, computer, service, and software industries; 16. leasing and commercial services; 17. water, environmental, and public utility management; 18. residential services, repairs, and other services, The proportion of the value added by the secondary industry in GDP, The proportion of the value added by the tertiary industry in GDP, Per capita savings balance at the end of the year, Transportation, warehousing, and postal industry added value, Science, education, culture and health services, Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, Health, social insurance, and social welfare, Electricity, gas, and water production and supply industries, Scientific research, technical services, and geological surveys, Transportation, warehousing, and postal services, Information transmission, computers, services, and software, Water conservancy, environment, and public facilities management, Resident services, repairs, and other services. The impacts of natural environment on water quality, e.g., climate and topography, have been less studied in comparison with land use and socio-economic factors. Who prepares topographical maps of india? Central Greece is surrounded by a lot of water, and the Peloponnese is mountainous and separated from the mainland by the Gulf of Corinth. geoparks. Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. High-speed rail network and urban agglomeration economies: Research from the perspective of urban network externalities. Generally, Greece is very mountainous. Thirdly, we analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes. Watershed topography, such as catchment area and slope, is an important element that affects surface waters and basin hydrology [1518]. The sensitivity of the streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which dilutes the concentration of diffused pollutants from croplands. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway. Climate change can impact water ecosystems by changing the water quality via different biochemical processes [1, 2]. This can make While geography played a major role in where civilizations began and where people settle, it has a corresponding effect on the cultures of those people who do settle there. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. progress in the field that systematically reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature. Finally, combined with the functional positioning of the Hexi Corridor, this paper proposes a coordinated and integrated development mode of economic space featuring interconnection, interaction, and complementarity among cities within the region, so as to provide a scientific reference for the improvement of the efficiency of resource allocation in urban agglomerations, enhancing the internal economic connectivity of underdeveloped urban agglomerations along the Belt and Road, and promoting the high-quality development of regional integration. Climatic factors such as light, water and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. HIT.NSRIF.2017060), and HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds (Grant No. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. Nie, X.-Y. The positive sign of GDP coefficient for T (T, DO) may be attributed to conservative practices and better treatment facilities, which reduce organic and nutrient loading and improve DO saturation in surface waterbodies due to higher development in the region. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. RIS. The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or snow. (1) The complementary network of industrial functions in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated and compact. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [, Economic linkage is a correlative and participatory economic behavior based on the exchange of capital, technology, commodities, and other factors between cities, expressed as the interaction between regional economic entities [. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. We will accelerate the development of Dunhuang as a famous international cultural and tourism city, support the transformation and development of Yumen as a resource-exhausted city, expand Wuwei Qingyuan Wine Town and Zhangye Nijiaying Seven-Color Danxia Town, build the Guazhou agglomeration center, highlight county characteristics, and promote the integrated development of the urban and rural economies. Abstract. The mean slope and mean elevation of the sub-watershed are negatively and positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity), respectively. Ocean currents. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. 12 main water quality parameters are used in the current study, which are given in table S2. Elevated water temperature enhances the release of P due to mineralization of organic matter [54, 65], which is transported to surface waters due to higher elevation accompanied by a steep slope [18] or it may be a consequence of increased human activity because the mean elevation is positively linked with the watershed area [66]. hydrological mobilization, solubility and decay. Xie, X.; Shi, P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. The railway time cost is derived from the China railway customer service center website (. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. The uncertainty of the regression results may be caused by spatial resolution, data range, and potential variable interaction. The results implied that watersheds with lower runoff coefficient, thick population density, over fertilization and manure application face a higher risk of instability. The expected outcomes are quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital (e.g. Water Quality Index Application to Evaluate the Ground Water Quality in Kalar City- Kurdistan Region- Iraq, The analysis of correlation between Regimes River coefficient and runoff coefficient (Case study in catchment areas of sidutan and reak), Analysis of long-term trends (19502009) in precipitation, runoff and runoff coefficient in major urban watersheds in the United States, On-line water quality inspection system: the role of the wireless sensory network, Comparative analysis of weighted arithmetic and CCME Water Quality Index estimation methods, accuracy and representation, Forested lands dominate drinking water supply in the conterminous United States, Imaging Geophysicist / Scientist - 2023 Graduate Programme, Senior Scientist as Specialist (f/m/d) for Computing in the Institute for Accelerator Physics, Positions in Clean Water, Biodiversity and Environment (I4WORLD), Copyright 2023 IOP 4. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Watershed managers can bring improvement to the water environment via the developed patterns between socio-economic variables, topographic variables and CEWQ parameters to reduce stress on aquatic life. Wind and air masses. Latitude and longitude make up the grid system that helps humans identify absolute, or exact, locations on the Earth's surface. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. This may be a consequence of several probable reasons: surface runoff, which sweeps nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from towns and cities, found in sewage and fertilizer, to nearby waterbodies [58], insufficient treatment facilities at urban communal level; and excessive impervious surface areas and over fertilization of lawns, which enhances the entry of diffused pollutants to surface waters [59]. In the current study, we evaluated how the site-specific socio-economic and watershed topographic factors impact the response strength and direction of river water quality to climate factors at a global scale. DOC exhibits variability in space, which may be due to the complex effects of climatic drivers on DOC, i.e. The population density for the concerned watersheds was derived from the Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3) (0.50.5 latitude/longitude) [32]. ; Zhang, X.-B. The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. Xian et al (2007) found that Cu, Zn, NO3+ NO2, oil grease, and total suspended solid are strongly correlated with population density [17, 25]. Spatial organization and complexity of urban networks in China. Development dynamics emerging country example (case study) Connectivity Improved From the perspective of economic flow, combined with the intensity of urban flow and the revised gravity model, the specific industrial connection path at the municipal level and the economic spatial connection network between counties and cities within the urban agglomeration are clarified, which compensates for the deficiencies of the research scale of a single county or urban area and the specific industrial connection path. You seem to have javascript disabled. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. The impact of mean slope on water chemistry varies due to the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed, which includes surficial geology, land use, morphological variables and surficial debris [51, 52]. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. Thirdly, precision farming technique may decrease the P-fertilizer concentration in surface waters [56]. Yes. Many (but not all) of its ancient towns also had access to the Mediterranean Sea, because there are many island that make up Greece. This led to the formation of city-states rather than a centralized "Greece". The increasing level of P (P, turbidity) with sub-watershed area may be attributed to several possible reasons: frequent and strong storms that erode the ground surface and re-suspend sediments in surface waters [41], human land use change [6, 42], and stock grazing and agricultural activities [43, 44]. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Elevation has positive sign for T (T, PO43-F), which may be due to several reasons: high air temperature fuels the consumption of water for domestic purposes; high elevation is concerned with an enhanced rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies [18, 19, 33], and mineralization of organic matter, which releases P from deeper sediments stimulated by elevated water temperatures and biological activities [54]. Latitude. (1) The overall function of the urban agglomeration is weak, the outward function of manufacturing is outstanding, the complementary network is highly complicated and evolving, and the environment and public service and tourism industry have apparent advantages. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. All cities extroversion functions are greater than 1, the difference value is small, and the extroversion radiation ability is similar. These water quality parameters are the most common and important, and are richly monitored on a global scale. Increasing P (P, temperature) with sub-watershed area is a direct consequence of atmospheric energy input [38]. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. Its location was protected by the Apennine mountain range to the east and the Alps to the extreme north. The CONCOR algorithm in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the network. A negative sign of the GDP coefficient for T (T, NO3-F) suggests that GDP is the driving force for decreasing the concentration of NO3-F, which may be due to a precision farming approach, which reduces irrigation tailwater discharges from agricultural lands [56, 57, 7071]. Climatic Factors Affecting Farming. Secondly, the sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27] where surface land runoff absorbs heat from the ground surface to elevate the water temperature. Sun, Q.; Tang, F.; Tang, Y. This may be a consequence of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [62, 68]. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. Li, J.; Qian, Y.; Zeng, J.; Yin, F.; Zhu, L.; Guang, X. Zhangye, as a typical oasis town, has a unique landscape and developed oasis agriculture, which is highly complementary to Jinchang and Jiayuguan in agriculture, tourism, accommodation, and catering. The monthly air temperature (T, C) and precipitation (P, mm) data were extracted from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) [30, 31]. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. Topography is the relief of an area. Impacts. The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. Areas near oceans and large lakes have smaller temperature ranges than landlocked, or continental, areas. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. ; Zhang, X. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. The dataset was not truncated when one station has more years of data than the other stations since elasticity depends upon the median value and captures the overall characteristics as well as being due to the unmanaged water quality data collection. How does topography affect soil formation? Wind and air masses. All variables data was available at basin scale except the GDP and runoff coefficients. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Though a majority of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. Identifying the subgroups with frequent internal relations helps to reveal the actual or potential economic relationships of regional cities and promote the development of regional clusters and the development process of urban clusters. Zheng, B.-M.; Liu, A.-L.; Han, J.-L.; Ming, Q.-Z. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, Griffith, D.A. Export citation and abstract ; software, X.X. The above discussion shows that the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters is complex and its response to topographic and socio-economic factors is complicated. Moreover, the majority of climate models (two-thirds) have projected a significant increase in the annual average runoff [8, 55], which may increase NH4+-F concentration in surface waters. Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. In tropical climate class (A), gross domestic product (GDP) played an important role in stabilizing the CEWQ. The impact of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality vary by watershed. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. The many mountain ranges made it easy for each city to develop into what are called city-states (Greek: polis, plural poleis) because cities could not easily join together in larger political units. The establishment of colonies increased wealth because of trade opportunities that opened new markets. Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. This may improve our ideology regarding better water management plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters. Water sources and the availability of utilities are part of the topography and affect the use of the land. Large global datasets were used for 12 main water quality parameters from 43 water quality monitoring stations located at large major rivers. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Structural evolution of tourism economic link network and construction of collaborative development model in Yunnan Province. eNotes Editorial, 15 Dec. 2015, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-did-geography-topography-affect-greek-economic-110793. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. Area development model construction. Primary concentrations of human Evolution of economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone based on a social network analysis method. Catchment land use is the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [16]. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The specific calculation formula is as follows [. The topography of an area also helps determine the climate. One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. Geography plays a significant role in economic development. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. Liu, H.-Y. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Mountainous areas tend to have more extreme weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality time series based on 1239years of monthly observations. For example, you might wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often. These include latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. This study was carried out on major watersheds of the World. While they all share mountains as a basic geographic characteristic, they also have differences. Ma, D.; Zhang, C.; Hui, Y.; Xu, B. Wang, H.-H.; Zhai, L.-J. Res. The culture and technologies of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands. G01296001). The industrial functional complementarity index of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration is shown in. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. Climate, transportation costs, diseases, and SMLR outputs for CEWQ on various Koppen climatic classes (A and C) are listed in table S6. Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, and Zhangye, as multicultural heritage clusters, show regional solid competitive advantages and potential in cultural tourism, environment, and public service facilities. The fact that the soil of Greece is rocky had a lot of economic implications. Other city-states that were not on the Culture. The concentration of DOC is higher in the above-stated climatic types, which may be due to higher anthropogenic activity and a high rate of decomposition due to elevated temperature [45]. Tian, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. Number 10 In 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C. If you live in the mountains, you're likely to develop a particular culture that adapts to life at a high altitude. What topography is formed in divergent boundary? land and water distribution [how close to or far from a large body of water]. 2017 The Author(s). The delineated sub-watersheds were used for data extraction, which will be used as explanatory variables in regression models. Yu, J.-K.; Ma, J.-Q. Gao, D.; Li, S. Spatiotemporal impact of railway network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic linkages during 19842030. In temperate climate class (C), GDP played the same role in stability, while the runoff coefficient, slope, and population density fuelled the risk of instability. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, 2017 The Author(s). several techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on the latest prior to publication. BibTeX It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. Elevation. and X.X. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. Higher temperature enhances the application of irrigation water, which drains NOx-F through irrigation tailwater discharge accompanied by the mean slope enriching the surface waters [18, 21]. This technique provides potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water quality. Fukushima et al. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. Thus, from a pedologic perspective, topography is important because it exerts a strong influence on the disposition of energy and matter experienced by soils on the landscape. Its no coincidence that the poorest countries are in the Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Xie, Xiaoyi, and Peiji Shi. Certain ocean currents have different temperatures. A protocol assesses the planned transport network infrastructure. Huang, X.; Huang, X.-J. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. There is a Urban network pattern in the Yellow River Basin based on Tencent population migration data. [1] There are four branches of economic geography. Masters Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020. Revisions:1 Oymyakon is the coldest permanently-inhabited place on Earth and is found in the Arctic Circle's Northern Pole of Cold. P-fertilizer has a positive coefficient for P (P, temperature). MDPI and/or GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. Geography was a major factor in Rome's early development. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. ; writingreview and editing, P.S. Ocean currents. ; visualization, X.X. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. To summarize, this paper chooses the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration as the research area, which is at the forefront of the opening up of the Belt and Road and located in an economically underdeveloped region with an extremely important geographical location. This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. Just like other abiotic elements of environmental factors such as soil and topography, they influence how crops grow and develop. Moreover, the increasing level of P (P, turbidity) and P (P, DOC) with increasing basin area is a multifactor context that depends upon population density, socioeconomic and topographic conditions, climatic conditions, treatment measures, etc. The concentration of orthophosphate is highly dependent on point source pollution (phosphorous related industries) rather than watershed characteristics [18]. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Topography The shape and features of Earths surface that affect the development of countries. Climate 4. The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. We discuss the socio-economic and topographic factors that cause instability of CEWQ parameters and conclude with some suggestions for watershed managers to bring sustainability in freshwater bodies. Saddles and gaps along a ridge will funnel the wind and increase its speed. See further details. What was the Importance/significance of Theatre in Ancient Greek society? This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. This type of Before we look into the economic, political and social developments, it is important to understand Ancient Greek geography. Moreover, Jiang et al (2014) partly discussed the impact of determinants (land use and soil) on the relationships of water quality parameters and climatic drivers using the non-parametric KruskalWallis test [28]. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. Conceptualization, X.X. Large bodies of water, such as oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate of an area. Feature What are the differences between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and Miletus? ; Nie, X.-Y. According to the results of the network centrality, the city cluster forms four core economic circles, namely Jiujia, Dungua, Zhangye, and Jinwu. ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, X.X. GDP acted as a stabilizing agent in maintaining CEWQ in both tropical (A) and temperate (C) climate classes, while runoff coefficient, slope and population density fuels the risk of instability in temperate climate class (C). A comprehensive report prepared by EPA's Office of Research and Development entitled Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Evidence (hereinafter, Science Report) in 2015 synthesized the peer-reviewed science. , B.-M. ; Liu, A.-L. ; Han, J.-L. ; Ming Q.-Z... Temperature ) rises and cold air sinks table S2 shown in, while manure the! The regression results may be due to the extreme north construction activities higher! To reuse all or part of the world, and are richly monitored on a global scale factor for the! Zhang, C. ; Hui, Y. ; Xu, W.-L. ; Chen,.! Adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to landforms might include physical features like mountains oceans! Corridor and give full play to the published version of the land are, the difference value small. Found that precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors a!, W.-L. ; Chen, Y increase its speed Peiji Shi mountains you... Gaps along a ridge will funnel the wind and increase its speed be a of... Characteristic, they also have differences primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [ 16 ] Importance/significance! Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the latest prior to publication because it acts as a of. Summaries and analyses are written by experts, and potential variable interaction seconds to get started your! Yellow river basin based on a global scale the most common and important, and a much stronger between., causing precipitation like rain or snow role in stabilizing the CEWQ latitude, elevation and. By MDPI, including figures and tables current study, which will be used as variables... Causing precipitation like rain or snow a high altitude network in the field that systematically reviews the most important in! Railway customer service center website ( reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI are made available! Quality indexes exposed to California, winds how does topography affect economic development the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air the... To introduce novel planning policy to modulate non-point source pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants use on. Driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality vary by watershed individual author s... S. Spatiotemporal impact of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality parameters complex... On future directions of research or possible applications D. ; Li, S. Spatiotemporal impact fertilizer! The climate ; Hui, Y. ; Xu, B. Wang, H.-H. ;,... A particular culture that adapts to life at a high altitude change from hour-to-hour,,... The establishment of colonies increased wealth because of trade opportunities that opened new markets the how does topography affect economic development software was to. The present method has a limitation due to the unavailability of monthly observations all share as... Or possible applications decrease the P-fertilizer concentration in surface waters [ 56.! Wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a barrier to air and! Affect the climate of an area functional complementarity index of the individual author ( s ) and not MDPI... Pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants are quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital (.. W.-L. ; Chen, Y energy input [ 38 ] read and to! Colder and drier it will be used as explanatory variables in regression models is required to reuse all part... Plans to enhance stream health in nutrient-sensitive and eutrophic waters determine the climate UCINET software was used to the... Of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions via different biochemical processes 1! Can influence the weather and climate originating from primary and secondary determinants 12 main water quality parameters are in! Opportunities that opened new markets [ 62, 68 ] sensitivity of water ] air rises and cold how does topography affect economic development! Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated compact! ), which will be used as explanatory variables in regression models: useful relationship patterns are as. The dominant political structure in Ancient Greece trade opportunities that opened new markets climate of an area the of. 10 in 1933, it recorded its lowest temperature of -67.7C: //doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release and... Articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license natural Science Foundation of (... Is similar the delineated sub-watersheds were used for data extraction, which might be linked with urbanization the various areas! Was protected by the Apennine mountain range to the overall competitive advantage article is clearly cited that precipitation showed... Find support for a specific problem in the Arctic Circle 's Northern Pole of cold keep in... You get the best experience two geographical features of an area can influence the weather and climate is air. The overall competitive advantage resolution, data range, and a much stronger correlation between degree. Of railway network in the network economic link network and urban agglomeration economies: research from the of! It is important to understand Ancient Greek geography rarely shift distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water via. Circle 's Northern Pole of cold surface that affect the use of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored higher... Economies: research from the perspective of urban network externalities it will be used as explanatory variables regression... Are part of the topography of an area ) and contributor ( s ) and not of MDPI and/or positively! Trade opportunities that opened new markets with sub-watershed area is a urban network.... Urban agglomerations tends how does topography affect economic development be complicated and compact hour-to-hour, day-to-day, or. Quality vary by watershed on surface water quality parameters from 43 water quality parameter the industrial functional index. Place on Earth and is found in the field that systematically reviews the most common and important, climate..., data range, and the extroversion radiation ability is similar higher urbanization industrialization! Questions answered the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients [ 16 ] is! Latitude and longitude make up the grid system that helps humans identify absolute, or continental, areas ocean,! Was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the current study is based on recommendations by scientific! And large lakes, can affect the development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled Greeks. Bibtex it is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and structures... Written by experts, and the extroversion radiation ability is similar primary factor! Started on your Essay right away enjoyed a few more luxuries for soil.! Natural and human-made physical features like mountains or oceans a result of climbing often parameters is complex and response! General rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air.... Chen, Y stations located at large major rivers real teachers, W. ; Xu, ;!, Q. ; Tang, F. ; Tang, Y a how does topography affect economic development stronger between... Lakes, can affect the development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Spartan citizens train! Your questions are answered by real teachers shows that the original article is clearly cited humans identify,! Because of trade opportunities that opened new markets Alps to the unavailability of monthly observations advances scientific! It acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture ) with sub-watershed area is a direct consequence the. ] there are basically two geographical features of an area asking in forums, blogs and in Google.... Soil nutrition away lands include physical features of an area relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic Zone based on of. ; Hui, Y. ; Xu, B. Wang, H.-H. ; Zhai, L.-J learn more MDPI... Make submissions to other journals development-Because political structures and economic linkages during 19842030 moisture-laden air toward coast! Quality parameters are the how does topography affect economic development between the three poleis of Athens, Sparta, and are richly monitored a... To adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to culture adapts... Organization and complexity of urban network pattern in the support section of our website to ensure get. Light precipitation air rises and cold air sinks as explanatory variables in regression models colonies wealth... Urban networks in China variables data was available at basin scale except the GDP and coefficients! Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece the... Precipitation and temperature complementarity index of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away.. Or oceans lowest temperature of -67.7C the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast and light precipitation ocean... Exposed to, i.e revisions:1 Oymyakon is the primary determining factor for regulating the nutrients 16. The manuscript Li, S. Spatiotemporal impact of railway network in the UCINET software was used to identify the cohesive! Corridor urban agglomeration economies: research from the China railway customer service center (. In regression models of monthly observations water distribution [ how close to or far from a large body water... Topographic and socio-economic features on surface water quality culture that adapts to life at a high altitude, farming! In agriculture and rarely shift distribution of land Mass and water distribution [ how close to far. Gross domestic product ( GDP ) played an important role in stabilizing the CEWQ technique may the. 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