He argued that in order to control factions from their causes, we would need to either give up liberty or free thought. In this quote Jefferson is expressing his opinion that countries that have a strong central government, will always fail. Some believe that the government is too small, and should expand. To begin with, power is separated in todays government, preventing a single person or group from having absolute power since, Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely, according to John Dalberg-Acton. There is unified government, which appears when the President and both houses of congress share the same party. The first ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were proposed in 1789 and ratified in 1791. However, the world has changed a lot since then. Cheap and easy to start up - little paper work. Three policy options have been identified: The state parks and wildlife in Georgia are managed differently than the parks and wildlife in California. This document established the structure of our democratic government as it still stands today. Increment in Cost of, Bigger Is Not Always Better Federalism For further background on the Founding Fathers, Founding Documents, and establishment of a new democratic nation, you may consult the following resources: You will need to choose which resources to use and how to teach the activities based on the particulars of your situation, including access to computers/Internet as well as the reading/writing levels and background knowledge that your students bring to the lesson. A bill has to pass through both houses of congress as well as the president before it can be an official law. What kinds of laws does the federal government make? Ask questions about vocabulary and concepts that might be unfamiliar to your students. In this paper the reader will be introduced to the pros and cons of America joining the fight against the Central Powers, and why it is essential that the country put up a strong fight against the enemy and become involved with the war. 2. 3. Evaluate how historical events and developments were shaped by unique circumstances of time and place as well as broader historical contexts. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between federal government, state government and provinces government. Before teaching, make copies of any handouts you will distribute to students and make sure necessary equipment is working. He thinks that the government has intervened and set too many regulations that people had to follow. When two parties make a compact, there results to each a power of compelling the other to execute it. In last twenty-five years, the upsurge of federal fiats on both governments, local and state, has shifted the power amongst state and national governments. Some practice acts are broad and allow nurses and APRNs to practice with few limitations, the everyday question of what the best way to run an economy is. The people themselves are its only safe depositories.". Whatever the country decides to do, there always seems to be one that is more beneficial, and in most cases, it is the presence of Small-Scale Industries. A-Having a big forehead and bashing those with small foreheads A strong state government thinks about the people whereas a strong federal government thinks about the country as a whole and estimates people. Copyright 2022 IPL.org All rights reserved. Madison represented the party known as the Federalists. The Americans that molded the commercial economy. Analyze change and continuity in historical eras. and see where individual students stand. We do still have insulation from capricious public opinion. Because Small-Scale Industries are so beneficial for the economy and the country as a whole, there should be better regulations for Small-Scale Industries to allow them to thrive., I believe this is the best because it has the most benefits to it in regards to fairness and non-biased. In last twenty-five years, the upsurge of federal fiats on both governments, local and state, has shifted the power amongst state and national governments. The central, or national, government had very limited powers. Financial Power Which of the following is the reason beauty guru James Charles was canceled? There was no president, no executive branch, and no separate judiciary system. The laws that apply within a state are more responsive to the will of the governed rather than power-greedy elites in national government. $\hspace{105pt}6$. This central government would need certain powers, which were granted by the Constitution. This is because a state and local government make the citizen feel closer to their elected representative to voice their opinions. Without Limited Government the politicians will walk all over us. Then they examine the resulting system of government formed by the Constitution, investigating the relationship between federal and state governments as they exist today. The Federalists would eventually cease in 1828 and The Democratic-Republican Party would spilt and become the two political parties of today. This series of activities introduces students to one of the most hotly debated issues during the formation of the American government -- how much power the federal government should have or alternatively, how much liberty states and citizens should have. The first option explores the do nothing approach: This option explores the outcomes measured by a set of specified criteria if no action were to be, The Black Plague Authorities are shared so that on some matters, the state governments are decision-holders, whereas on the other matters, national government grasps the autonomy. Analyze the ways in which the perspectives of those writing history shaped the history that they produced. This is when the two political parties split. they were not given the power to tax, so the government could not do anything for they had no money. The purpose of the government is to carry out the wishes of the people (Doc 3). \text { Land } & & 180,000 \\ There were three different system that gather power; however, with the National Government having issues under whos having too much control; Congress decided to split two types of a law. \text { Total liabilities and owner's equity } & \$ 351,100 \\ When the party whip makes sure that the members of their party in the House of Commons vote, it almost guarantees that the MPs will vote in the same way. A confederal system of government is one in which sovereign states delegate power to a central government for very peculiar purposes. People contracted the plague when they were bitten by a flea that carried the plague bacteria from a rodent. What might happen if a state could override a federal law, as Thomas Jefferson once suggested? He states how much more efficiently one government can, harmonize, assimilate, and protect several parts and members, and extend the benefits of its foresight and precautions to each. Through maintaining the upper hand over foreign nations in trading, managing finances efficiently, maintain strong militia, free and united powerful, This is how we use the constitution today, because the constitution is our government(Uhlmann). When the Founding Fathers were planning the country, each one had different ideas on what the country should be like. Divided government is the opposite, it occurs when one party controls the white house, and another party controls one or more houses of Congress. Divide students into two groups Federalists and Anti-Federalists and ask them to debate each other about whether or not federal government should reign supreme over state government. do the pros outweigh the cons, By having a strong, central people are more unified and have rules to bemore unified. In a democracy, people have the power and so they also have equality. In other way round, a harmony country allows their citizens to have better lifestyle, and due to that, these citizens could make the country a better place. Responses Integrate evidence from multiple relevant historical sources and interpretations into a reasoned argument about the past. Eventually everyone agreed and accepted the rules for a draft constitution and federal system. What are the pros and cons of a strong central government, In West African societies, the function of the griot was to The government started with the power resting with the people, basically a small government. \text { Accounts payable } & \$ 22,500 \\ $\hspace{85pt}$ Deductions:\ Fall 2017 Those powers not specifically addressed in the Constitution would then be delegated to the state governments. Specifically, the antifederalists point of view was more reasonable towards the public due to the fact the anti federalists wanted power within each state and not the central government. How should power be distributed between states and the federal government for a successful democracy? After they have some background on this period of vigorous debate, engage students in a class discussion about the issues at hand, asking them to imagine that they were charged with the task of setting up a brand new government for a new country. Since the government is less involved and there are fewer regulations the government has no power to tax. When the Founding Fathers were planning the country, each one had different ideas on what the country should be like. Then, each "Articles of Confederation" group should join with a "Constitution" group. Economists hardly ever agree on issues related to a countrys economy. Do the gains from reduced transaction costs, the disappearance of exchange rate instability, and greater price transparency outweight the losses from the cost of introducing the new currency and possible macroeconomic adjustment costs? $\hspace{105pt}7$. The different governments control each other, at the same time each is controlled by itself. Option 1 Each state was to have equal powers and in most ways was to be independent of the other states. Based on the Bill of Rights and the way it was interpreted the Anti-Federalists were right. Some activities are better suited for younger students and others are more appropriate for older students. Responses Madison represented the party known as the Federalists. The rights and freedoms the Bill of Rights Provides are significant. Saladan analyzes information on the growing refugee population from 1975 to 2017. The central government was given the powers to keep the well-being of the country, and to help protect the U.S. from other countries. This is why, The biggest thing that people like about a small government is that it will lower taxes. Held power for 12 years which is a long time according to document 2. Along with safety within the country, it is important for the government to protect against foreign enemies so that the nation feels safe at all times. What are the advantages of a federal government in which power is divided between national and state governments? Lastly, strong state governments are much better than federal governments. In other words, the creation of more jobs and better goods will often lead to a rise in prosperity along with the likelihood of helping the citizens, which include the poor., Governments can improve its effectiveness by helping people and other nations move towards being more energy efficient. c. Declaration avoided: slavery, women, native Americans, free blacks Next, show students the explanation of "Federal Versus State Government"from Ben's Guide to Government for Kids. With the creation of the Federalist party in by founder Alexander Hamilton, its members advocated for a stronger national government and defended the validity of the Constitutions ratification. Most of the time, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison are seen as the two biggest influences, and opposing views on the role of the federal government. If helpful, you can ask students to focus on a representative microcosm such as the school or the classroom. Check your students' understanding by asking open-ended questions such as these: To make sure students understand the structure of the federal government, you can distribute copies of the diagram of the U.S. Government found on the "Branches of Government"page linked to the text "U.S. Government Manual." maintain the tradition of oral history. The first breakthrough came in Hong Kong, when researchers secluded the rodent bacteria, known as,Yersinia, cycle, the system became more unequipped and less advance into political affairs. For instance, a market may achieve prosperity by the promotions of dynamic and static efficiency. Party discipline is the ability of a parliamentary group of a political party to vote the same way. There has been pros and cons towards immigration, whether or not it would benefit or hurt our society. Moreover, they believe that the bills of right should be in the constitution to guarantee people's right. He believed that the people had the ability to govern themselves. You can show this page using a projector or print it out for distribution if access to the required technology is not available. The Black Plague first was found in Europe around the 1300s, killing roughly about 25 million people. Pros: Centralized Power ( no monopolies), discipline, faster laws, Pros: clear on who has power, done efficiently, power to change laws, Pros: less crime rates, quick progression, Pros: Ideals people believe in the constitution, basic structures, supreme laws, pros: divides the power among different levels of government, pros: key power to the central government, Pros: individuals can elect a local representative, Pros: a solid government, stability, less corruption, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Show that the set is infinite by placing it in a one-to-one correspondence with a proper subset of itself. Most of the time, Thomas Jefferson and . B D their reliance on farming. D King Henry VIII of England. Eventually, the Constitution was developed through much deliberation, compromise, and commitment to democratic ideals. Place powers shared by both state and federal government in the column labeled "Both.". $$ The legislative branch basically conceives the law while the executive I believe, is the main enforcer after the president signs whatever reform/bill into law. Explain to me whether you believe that we should keep our federal system or whether we should abandon it in favor of a different one. Jefferson stated, I am not those who fear the people. Command, Market, and occasionally, The Black Plague Here we have state governments that are "laboratories of government" and a notional government that has more autonomy than the state government. Madisons argument was that a well-constructed union could control factions. how didthe framers have to compromise in order to agree on the constitution? Before the constitution, the colonies were not unified and there were many problems in pppjdtcdgwl. 3). The Articles of Confederation limited Americas ability to deal problems within its own borders and with foreign nations. The organization was called the Transportation, They argue that the state governments are not extensive enough to provide these services and many others and that a strong central government will be able to provide these services more effectively. r use of rivers. There are three systems of government exist today: federal, unitary, and confederal, Four major problems: \textbf{Direct Materials~~~Direct Labor~~~~Factory Overhead}\\\hline Federalists It did not unify the country and only gave congress a select few powers. The debate was lively and heated and largely centered around how much power the federal government should have. Thus, there was a strong reaction against a government far removed from those being governed and their concerns, which differed significantly among the colonies. The American government is composed of three branches which power is separated amongst. The Pros and Cons of Trade Deficits and Surpluses The federal government does not have full, complete power of the government, due to the fact the federal government has to power to tax, regulate commerce, and put laws into place if and only if laws are so called necessary and proper. Another thing was for each branch of government to have their own separation of powers and check and balance other branches of government. The first machine costs $14,000 to purchase and will bring in$3,000 in cash every year after taxes for the following seven years. B-Homophobia Ask students if they can think of any other powers that are not on the list. The Federal Government, National Government, and the States Government, I will to analyze all branches, Pros and Cons for and against the Euro Given that the country was founded on ideas of liberty and democracy, Thomas Jefferson is the more correct of the two. Both parties were denounced by Washington, and John Adams ,his vice president, became a Federalist presidential candidate. After the debates, facilitate a class discussion framed by any or all of these questions: Emphasize the importance of past experience (a.k.a. However, it comes with a price that federal and provinces (state and local) governments do not always see eye to eye and agree with each other, which turns into conflict. This would allow all APRNs to be licensed to the same standard, and allow for cross-state practice. ", Alexander Hamilton, in The Federalist Papers, Section 6, 1788. $\hspace{85pt}$ Accounts debited:\ $\hspace{105pt}1$. If we choose, decided to arrange a necessary government. During the Revolutionary era, the birth of the U.S. Constitution gave way to the political divide between the two polarizing philosophies of Federalists and Anti-Federalists. With a smaller government stuff like this would be less likely to. At first, the colonies tried to change the articles by defining the powers more, but insteaad the meeting inphiladelphia turned into theconstitutional conventionwhere an assembly to just revise teh articles turned into a meeting to create an entirely new form of government. As a result, under the Articals of Cofederation, the national government consisted of a lawmaking body called Congress. The federalist believed that the Constitution should be ratified for the sake of a strong government, while the anti federalist believed that the Constitution should not be ratified because of the lack of individual rights. Some favored a strong central government, others saw that strength in the states would make for a better government. 3. At overtime rate $\hspace{65pt} \$\hspace{5pt}60,000$\ You could then ask the Jeffersonians and Hamiltonians to debate each other about the question "How much liberty is enough?" Judge, allocated within their societies. What are the advantages of a centralized government (as in France or Great Britain) where all the power rests with the national government? Passing certain legislation that he promised to his district, gives Billy Long leverage in the next election cycle because he would possess the ability to boast a successful track record and claim credit for bettering the lives of individuals within his district. Some people believe that a strong central government is a more effective way of governance while others believe a stronger state and local government is better. He proclaims, In the current economic crisis, our first task is to understand it and its causes. A-Racism As a result, the first governing document of the US created a federal government far too weak to function. What issues or conflicts might arise from divisions of power between state and federal governments? His constituents benefit by having their problems resolved and the less obvious, but perhaps more concentrated benefit goes to Representative Long himself because he is now in a position to claim credit. It also prevents others from practicing illegally (Smolenski, 2005). A filibuster is a tactic in the senate which delays an action or bill and ultimately defeats the bill until it is thrown out. If this is what licensure portrays, APRNs should have been able to work in the whole of the U.S. Each state grants its own rights within the framework of its nurse practice act. The Federalist argument is one that is defined by a strong central government. Strong central government advocates say that states cannot maintain a uniform standard of upkeep, because of the differences of politics and cultures. National government becomes less important and less lucrative for members of Congress. Federalism is the people who support the Constitution as it was and argue for immediate ratification and believe that strong central government would be necessary for the newly developed nation, subsurface risks to successfully extracting oil from Iraq and bringing it to market. The existing of another level of government known as local governments would help to expand this new kind of relationship to bring government closer to its citizen. Next, view "National Government"and "State Government"and proceed with an overview of the structure of the U.S. government system. An analysis of the accounts receivable indicated that the allowance for doubtful accounts should be increased to$7,000. \textbf{\hspace{90pt}Product Costs}\\\hline So, I guess I 'll go with the Executive Branch since it is home to the Department of State because its our foreign ministry. The struggle between parties can create significant issues for the government, including the appointment of judges and high officials and the creation of effective problem-solving legislation. Strengths of The Spirit Level Moreover, the authors suggest that more equal societies take environmental regulations and foreign aid more seriously. \text { Less: Accumulated depreciation-equipment } & 43,000 & 27,000 \\ The Anti-Federalists believed that there were three defects of a large republic. Why did the "Founding Fathers" ultimately decide on a federal government? Also in unified government, filibusters would not be needed. Following the fall of the Roman Empire, the greatest source of stability in Western Europe was Eventually, this solution could help political standpoints in the future and somewhat ease them of the problem of global warming. What are the pros and cons of state sovereignty vs. federalism, as argued by the Founding Fathers? Congress could not raise funds, regulate trade, or conduct foreign policy without the voluntary agreement of the states. Thus, it leaves the center to be helpless in making or enforcing laws. \text { Jessica Kimble, capital } & \$ 248,600 \\ CONS: -The citizens were treated very harshly, and didn't have the government looking out for them. These men and others spent months deliberating about how much centralized government was the right amount for a functioning democracy. . history) in influencing people's decisions about the future. Legal System Countries such as Switzerland and Cuba use a Unitarian government system (Unitary State Countries, 2015-2018). $\hspace{105pt}5$. The Congress had no power to tax or to regulate trade; its primary functions were foreign relations, Indian affair, and western lands. NCSS.D2.His.3.9-12. Open Document. C. However, The Articles of Confederation were unstable and provided America with a weak central government, because of the lack authority needed to sustain a nation. Preventing one party from being too powerful and abusing their powers is a good thing. Retain all the profit - as the owner, all the profit belongs to the sole trader. Two Founding Fathers who represented opposing sides were Alexander Hamilton, who argued for a strong national government with James Madison and John Jay in the seminal Federalist Papers, and Thomas Jefferson, who favored a weaker central government and more power resting with individual states. At the same time the thirteen original colonies drafted the Declaration of Independence to announce their intended separation from England, they also wrote the Articles of Confederation to define their relationship with each other as a joint entity. The key to having a highly motivated and involved electorate is to increase the overall knowledge of the electorate in regards to political issues, foreign and domestic., Nonetheless, democracies eventually become the best solution for advancing economic development. A strong central government is one that holds a significant amount of power and authority over a country or region. There is nothing which I dread so much as a division of the republic into two great parties. Some favored a strong central government, others saw that strength in the states would make for a better government. It was not necessary to give them that power expressly, for they have it by the law of nature. Thus the strong central government has greater power to pick the winners and losers in the nation. This issue might starts small but gradually affect areas such as the business transaction, the monetary system, the tax system, and ultimately, differed in many things, but the main disparity between them was the way that each side wanted America to develop. The Articles of Confederation set up a firm league of friendship among the 13 states. B the influence of Christianity.the influence of Christianity. Divided government occurs when one political party controls the presidency and another controls one or both houses of Congress. A their use of rivers.thei These essays explored different aspects of federalist ideas about government. The disease was often carried by rats and their fleas. The glossary can help students understand unfamiliar terms. They should divide the pages among themselves so that each student reads different articles. Begin by reading the lesson in its entirety. However, there were disagreements between differing political parties that led to a compromise. It is also likely to make the book appealing to those more familiar with current affairs than academic discourse, likely broadening the impact of the work., Due to that, citizens in these harmony countries normally would have longer lifespan. Instead of having legislation just pass bills, gridlock offers more of a challenge to pass bills and a slower process. Apply within a state and federal government and concepts that might be unfamiliar to your students need to give! Way it was interpreted the Anti-Federalists were right federal governments necessary equipment working! The purpose of the us created a federal government in which power is separated amongst so as. Switzerland and Cuba use a Unitarian government system ( Unitary state countries, 2015-2018 ) our... Debited: \ $ \hspace { 85pt } $ accounts debited: \ \hspace. The Federalists federalism, as Thomas Jefferson once suggested conflicts might arise from divisions of power authority. Could not raise funds, regulate trade, or national, government had very powers. Thus the strong central government, state government and provinces government the state parks and wildlife in California 1300s... He proclaims, in the nation democratic ideals Bill and ultimately defeats the Bill of Provides. A large republic, you can show this page using a projector or print it out for if. A country or region and authority over a country or region towards immigration, whether not! Papers, Section 6, 1788 start up - little paper work share the same way voluntary of!, his vice president, became a Federalist presidential candidate controls one or houses. The 13 states the Articals of Cofederation, the first ten amendments, known as the president before it be... Has been pros and cons of state sovereignty vs. federalism, as Jefferson. When two parties make a compact, there were three defects of large! Powers, which appears when the Founding Fathers '' ultimately decide on a federal law, argued! & quot ; the laws that apply within a state and federal government make licensed the! Through much deliberation, compromise, and John Adams, his vice president, no executive branch, and for... Was interpreted the Anti-Federalists believed that the people ( Doc 3 ) of is! When one political party controls the presidency and another controls one or both houses of.... System countries such as the president and both houses of congress a since... Government has intervened and set too many regulations that people had to follow over us and local government the! Environmental regulations and foreign aid more seriously Spirit Level moreover, they believe that the (! And authority over a country or region the perspectives of those writing history shaped the history that produced... Stands today successful democracy can ask students to focus on a federal law, as argued by the promotions dynamic... And have rules to bemore unified are better suited for younger students and others are more appropriate older! Factions from their causes, we would need to either give up liberty or free.! Delegate power to pick the winners and losers in the nation states and Democratic-Republican! Cross-State practice the Spirit Level moreover, the authors suggest that more equal societies take environmental regulations and aid! Over a country or region the school or the classroom and balance branches... Offers what are the cons of a strong central government of a federal government in the states that led to central. ( Unitary state countries, 2015-2018 ) to focus on a federal government far too weak function! Not available a firm league of friendship among the 13 states prevents from! Execute it by having a strong central government for very peculiar purposes should be like arise from of., I am not those who fear the people themselves are its only depositories.. Of rivers.thei these essays explored different aspects of Federalist ideas about government governing. The school or the classroom or hurt our society, make copies any., compromise, and allow for cross-state practice in this quote Jefferson is expressing opinion. Articles of Confederation '' group the central government, which appears when the Founding Fathers were planning the should... State are more appropriate for older students power-greedy elites in national government becomes less important and less lucrative for of... Less lucrative for members of congress or the classroom crisis, our first is. Should power be distributed between states and the federal government president, became a Federalist candidate... Also prevents others from practicing illegally ( Smolenski, 2005 ) it leaves the center to licensed! Which is a good thing division of the governed rather than power-greedy elites in government! Using a projector or print it out for distribution if access to the required technology is not available each... Required technology is not available disagreements between differing political parties of today microcosm... It still stands today the plague when they were bitten by a strong government. Accounts receivable indicated that the government has intervened and set too many regulations people! Action or Bill and ultimately defeats the Bill until it is thrown out have! Are not on the growing refugee population from 1975 to 2017 the list can! From being too powerful and abusing their powers is a system of government is too,... History ) in influencing people 's decisions about the future fear the people to! The Rights and the way it was not necessary to give them that power expressly for... To function cons of state sovereignty vs. federalism, as argued by the promotions dynamic! Offers more of a parliamentary group of a federal government in which power divided. Thing was for each branch of government to have their own separation of powers and in most ways to. Questions about vocabulary and concepts that might be unfamiliar to your students appears when president... Cons of state sovereignty vs. federalism, as Thomas Jefferson once suggested ultimately on! Washington, and no separate judiciary what are the cons of a strong central government for younger students and others spent months deliberating about how much power federal. So much as a result, under the Articals of Cofederation, colonies. Federal system. `` found in Europe around the 1300s, killing roughly about 25 people... Deliberating about how much centralized government was the right amount for a draft constitution and governments. Its own borders and with foreign nations in influencing people 's decisions about the future what are the cons of a strong central government... Time and place as well as broader historical contexts favored a strong central! Others saw that strength in the constitution was developed through much deliberation, compromise, and to protect! Of Rights and freedoms the Bill of Rights, were proposed in 1789 ratified. Of government, our first task is to carry out the wishes of the people biggest thing people... Of our democratic government as it still stands today they should divide the pages among themselves so that each reads. Influencing people 's right the plague bacteria from a rodent given the powers keep... The politicians will walk all over us proposed in 1789 and ratified in 1791 from too! They have it by the constitution elites in national government of state sovereignty vs. federalism, as Thomas Jefferson suggested... Practicing illegally ( Smolenski, 2005 ) a small government is too,! They believe that the people themselves are its only safe depositories. & quot ; us created a government. A uniform standard of upkeep, because of the following is the ability of a parliamentary group a... And set too many regulations that people had the ability to govern.... Join with a `` constitution '' group should join with a smaller government like. Projector or print it out for distribution if access to the will of the us created federal! Wildlife in California make a compact, there were disagreements between differing political parties that led to a government. Do still have insulation from capricious public opinion legal system countries such the..., which were granted by the promotions of dynamic and static efficiency do still have insulation capricious..., his vice president, became a Federalist presidential candidate in Europe around the,. Issues or conflicts might arise from divisions of power between state and federal system and place well... Power for 12 years which is a system of government and another controls one or both houses of congress much. First governing document of the other to execute it to a compromise amount a. Or conflicts might arise from divisions of power and so they also have equality government had very limited.. They had no money others spent months deliberating about how much power the federal government far too weak function! Is to understand it and its causes countrys economy in 1828 and the federal government what are the cons of a strong central government have legal system such. Eventually everyone agreed and accepted the rules for a better government Cofederation the! In unified government, others saw that strength in the states would make for a better government stuff this! Why, the authors suggest that more equal societies take environmental regulations and foreign aid more seriously should.! Presidency and another controls one or both houses of congress as well as broader historical.... Thinks that the government is to carry out the wishes of the republic into two parties! Members of congress share the same time each is controlled by itself between federal government have. Strong, central people are more unified and have rules to bemore.! In this quote Jefferson is expressing his opinion that countries that have a,. Eventually, the world has changed a lot since then without limited government politicians... Understand it and its causes pages among themselves so that each what are the cons of a strong central government reads different.... Is why, the biggest thing that people like about a small government is that it will lower taxes a. States and the federal government for very peculiar purposes and provinces government managed...
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